Monday 30 November 2009

Props List

Below is a list of the props that we need to film our opening sequence-

GIRL'S BEDROOM
-radio
-hair dryer
-makeup bag (lipstick, mascara, eyeliner etc)
-wine glass
-photo frame
-hairbrush
-purse

KITCHEN
-clock~ preferably an analogue clock
-white latex gloves
-large kitchen knife
-grapefruit (several, to allow for practice and retakes)


[written by Holly]

Wednesday 25 November 2009

Shot List

SHOT LIST- THRILLER FILM OPENING SEQUENCE


1. CU radio (hear static noise at first, fades to music playing)

2. MS young woman drying her hair

3. MS of the dressing table, pan to show her putting on lipstick

4. Multiple on-screen shot-
*left half of screen~ woman standing in front of her wadrobe, opens it
*top right of screen~ CU of glass of wine
*bottom right of screen~ MS of her makeup scattered on the table

5. Bird's eye shot- woman getting her shoes on

6. Worm's eye shot- of her feet, leaving the room from the gap in her door (she goes out of shot, light turns off, door slams)

7. CU of clock ticking

8. ECU of scattered makeup

9. LS of kitchen, hear the tap dripping, see the flash of car lights going past window

10. Low angle shot from the banister at bottom of stairs (hear scratching, the door opens, shadow of man is seen)

11. ECU light switch, light comes on

12. MS (from doorway, looking at the man's back) man walks to kitchen

13. LS establishing the kitchen

14. MCU him putting gloves on

15. CU of him dragging his finger along the worktop

16. POV checking his fingers for dirt

17. MS (side on) opens fridge, slowly reaches in

18. (cut to) Over the shoulder shot, him reaching into the drawer for knife

19. MS (side on) him lifting up the knife- it shines slightly in the light

20. Bird's eye shot of the knife cutting grapefruit, he puts his fingers in the juice, lifts hand to mouth

21. ECU (slow motion) wiping the juice from his mouth

22. MS he throws the gloves into the bin

23. Low angle MLS- his legs are seen as he goes up the stairs

24. MS from the gap in her bedroom door, stillness and silence, his face suddenly appears in the gap

25. Worm's eye shot- door slowly opening and he comes into the room (see his feet)

26. LS from behind photo frame. He is out of focus. His head turns, he comes into focus. He rushes towards the photo

27. POV, he lifts up the photo

28. ECU of his eyes, he stares intensely

29. Over the shoulder shot (but slightly further away than the shoulder) he puts the picture down gently. Sudden turn of his head, half of his face is seen

30. Low angle MS slowly reaches for the hairbrush on the table, holds it still and pulls a hair from it. begins to wrap it around his little finger lovingly. Hear her come in, see his reaction. Stillness as he waits for her, we hear her coming up the stairs on the phone, getting nearer. He looks up at the door

31. LS of door from the bed where her purse is, door swings open, she enters the room. Moment of stillness, grabs the purse, turns to go and notices ensuite light is on. She goes to the door

32. CU of her hand on the door handle

33. Two Shot- the door splits the screen, he is stood hidden behind the door and she is on the other side, she reaches for the light switch

34. black screen END SCENE


[group work]

'Opening of a Thriller Film' Project- initial ideas

After getting into groups of three, Laura, Joe and I started to plan some initial ideas. To begin with our idea centred around a technique, whereby we film the sequence in black and white and highlight key objects in red (to represent blood, symbolising anything linked to the crime that had taken place).

Our idea then developed to an opening sequence of a man running through the streets of London. We would cross cut between this and a woman in her flat, moving at normal speed, doing her daily routine. To make the idea more original we discussed reversing this sequence, so he is running forwards but she is running backwards. We then wanted to bring the two sequences together, linking the characters. However, we decided that this would be complex to film, difficult to link the two characters and it would possibly become difficult for the audience to understand.

We took the idea of a woman, doing her daily routine, contrasting it with a man in a dark room, looking at photographs of her and her children and smiling. At first this does not seem strange then with a combination of music and more unnaturalistic camera angles, this would start to seem strange. The photos become more strange (eg. ones of her taken from a distance- in a coffee shop or across the street from him), giving the impression he has been stalking her. Although we liked this idea, we felt it lacked energy and it might not be thrilling enough.

Developing this idea of a creepy stalker character, we decided to have the man inside the woman's flat when she is not at home. He is going around normally, treating it like his own house. Then he is interrupted by her coming home. We could leave the opening on a cliff hanger to build suspense and tension in our audience's minds. Her movements will be loud and energetic compared to the man, who will be still, composed and mechanical.

Tuesday 24 November 2009

Target Audiences for Thriller films

I think that a target audience can be quite hard to pin down because although some social groupings are into the same sorts of movies, it can be hard to generalise. However, particularly with a genre like Thriller films, there are certain people that you can rule out of your target audience such as young children (and depending on the nature of the film, possibly even anyone under 15 or 18).

Creating a film for a younger generation (such as the 15-25/30 age group) would make decisions about characters, locations, language, graphics... etc. quite easy because a director could make these choices specifically to target a younger audience- for example using young, popular actors and using lots of attention grabbing special effects or camera angles.

If you are aiming for a more adult audience (eg. 18+) you may choose to make the actors/locations/characters... more neutral, or atleast have more variety in your film. For example, an actor like Zac Efron would perhaps be better suited to a younger target audience. Bruce Willis or Gearge Clooney might be more appealing to a slightly older age range. Some directors may decide to expand the target audience (in order to increase box office sales), in which case somebody like Brad Pitt, who falls in the middle of the age brackets, could appeal to both ends of the spectrum.

Alot of directors do make definate decisions when creating a film because the more specific the target audience, the more powerful it should be. For example, some thriller films are extremely mysterious and pyschological (requiring a fairly intelligent audience) whereas others are extremely explicit- invloving lots of blood, fast car chases and stereotypical characters.

I think that when it comes to putting together our own Thriller film opening, we should make it interesting for young people like us to watch. However, I think it would be good to avoid a limited target audience (such as 15-25) because this could restrict our ideas slightly and it could become cliched and not so "thrilling".

Obviously our work will be done as a group but at the moment I see our piece being quite a sophisticated, pyschological-thriller, rather than a cheesey thriller-with-elements-of-horror film. This could allow us to make our piece more subtle, using very specific camera angles or movements to state a point to the audience, rather than throwing the plot into their faces.

Sunday 22 November 2009

Music in Thrillers

Music can be so influential- it can change somebody's mood, make them think, move them emotionally, used to relax, to dance to etc. In Thriller films, Directors often use music in order to enhance the atmosphere in a scene.

It could be used non-diegetically to add tension to the scene. Sometimes the music used is slow, haunting and orchestral to make the audience feel on edge, where as at other times it is much louder and more dramatic to scare or shock. The music could use both of these dynamics, peaking and falling in order to build and release tension as appropriate. The music could be structured to parallel the on-screen action (for example, it could be in time with the character's footsteps) or it could be used in opposition (to make the action seem strange and dislocated).

Music could also be used diegetically, eg. a character is listening to the radio (establishing a normal situation) and the lyrics could reflect something eery or the music could be covering up the sound of someone approaching their victim... etc.

Music may also be used to disturb the audience. This could be because the lyrics are linked to the action, contrasting to the action or maybe just because they sound quite strange (like synthesised instruments to make them sound odd and distorted or flawed music, such as the screeching sound that can be made on a violin).

Thriller Actors

Obviously most actors do not work in only one genre but some are seen more regularly in Thriller films than others. Below I have listed some of the actors who I have seen in Thrillers who have inspired me in some way.


BRUCE WILLIS
Bruce Willis is a fab actor who usually appears in Action films such as the 'Die Hard' movies. The film 'Hostage' could probably fall into several genres, including Action, but it is extremely thrilling. He plays the hero, out to save the day (as always). His "hard man" characters usually show a softer side (in this film his affection for his family makes emotional) that contrasts to his strong exterior. He is great to watch, both in action sequences and still moments where his character is reflecting or hiding.

JULIA ROBERTS
I still haven't seen the entire film but 'Sleeping with the Enemy' is a good example of a Psychological Thriller that really makes you empathise with the female lead, sticking to the thriller genre but really messing with your head along the way. Julia Roberts is a great example of an actress who can act naturalistically and comically, meaning that when you see her play "scared", there is real contrast and it's quite unnerving.

ROBIN WILLIAMS
Again, Robin Williams is a terrific comedy actor. However, in 'One Hour Photo' he does a great job of creating a disturbing, obsessive character. Because he looks like quite a normal man, seeing him play a role like this is particularly disturbing. You almost begin to question other "normal" looking people around you. He draws you in, before scaring you away with his sudden changes in character as the film goes on.

JODIE FOSTER
When I saw 'Flight Plan' at the cinema, I was actually terrified. Jodie Foster is a really interesting, believable actress and because of this, you really empathise with her in this film. Her eyes are really distinctive and alot of her panicked performance is seen there.

Thriller Directors

To learn more about the Thriller genre and to inspire my own work, I have done some research on Thriller Directors.


ALFRED HITCHCOCK
I am not a huge fan of Thriller films but I had heard of Hitchcock, probably because he is one of the most influencial British film directors of all time- due to the fact he embraced new technologies and changed the world of cinema with both the new found "talkies" and with his unique directing style.

He grew up with very strict parents (which is reflected in some of his films). He studied engineering and worked for a while as an advertising designer for a cable company but he soon became interested in the technology of photography. This intrigue led him to go for a job at what was to become Paramount Pictures in London. He started off designing titles for silent movies and, within five years of his career at Paramount, he made his way into directing.

To begin with, his films were under-financed and flopped but eventually he made his break. After several UK successes, Alfred Hitchcock moved to America under a new contract and began directing there. His films (he made in his lifetime) were nominated for several awards, although he never won the academy award for Best Director.



*Key points of Hitchcock's work*

-His 10th film 'Blackmail' (1929) was one of the first films made with sound in the UK

-One of the first directors in America to film on location, as opposed to in studios

-Developed a technique of using famous landmarks as the location for suspence sequences

-Hitchcock's films 'often placed an innocent victim (an average, responsible person) into a strange, life-threatening or terrorizing situation' [http://www.filmsite.org/thrillerfilms.html]

-He used a technique whereby he placed a lightbulb inside a glass of milk, to give it a glowing, supernatural quality. This created a greater contrast between the colours in the scene and manipulated the audience into looking at certain parts of the screen.

-Sometimes he used heightened music, suchas in 'Psycho' where he included a screechy violin

-He created great suspense and anticipation in films like 'Frenzy' by using long camera movements, taking the action from inside a building to outside and to the other side of the street, slowly revealing the whole picture

-Hitchcock was a fan of withholding information from the audience to build tension, sometimes by hiding the identity of characters or making them seem dangerous/vulnerable (depending on the situation). He did this through the use of filming characters in profile or in partial shadow

-'Strangers on a train' included a sequence where you see the murderer in the reflection of the victim's glasses

-He often filmed sequences in confined spaces to build the suspense and heighten the emotion of the scene

-In some of his films, Hitchcock was more experimental, exploring his interest in Expressionism. An example of this is the surrealistic dream sequence in 'Spellbound', in which he used many of the above techniques. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dzxlbgPkxHE


I think that there are several elements of Hitchcock's style that I would like to involve in my own work, such as the use of shadows, confined spaces, loud music and revealing things slowly to increase anticipation.

Wednesday 11 November 2009

180 degree rule

The 180 degree rule can be tricky to understand but it is an important rule to remember when filming.

Between the actors is a straight line that divides the scene in half. On one side of the line is the camera and on the other is the background of the scene. In this shot, you would see actor 1 on the left and actor 2 on the right of the screen.


(BACKGROUND OF THE SCENE)


ACTOR 1--------------------------------------ACTOR 2


CAMERA
(somewhere along this line)


If the camera was to cross this line and show the scene from the other side, the actors would appear to be on opposite sides- you would see actor 2 on the left and actor 1 on the right of the screen.


CAMERA
(somewhere along this line)


ACTOR 1------------------------------------ACTOR 2


(BACKGROUND OF THE SCENE)



This would become very confusing as a director and as an audience member because switching from one shot to another would make it look as if the actor had moved places in the scene.
However, as long as you stay on one side of the line throughout a film sequence, you can move within the space. This means that you can move backwards (creating a wider shot) or closer (to film CUs).
Positioning the camera in the middle (as shown above) establishes the entire scene because more of the picture can be seen. The closer that you get to the 180 degree line, 'the more the viewer's point of view resembles the character's' (http://www.solutioneers.net/cinema/axis.htm). This would give the audience a sense of empathy with the character because they are seeing the scene through their eyes.

If done by mistake, breaking the 180 degree rule can confuse and disorientate the viewer. However, some directors make a conscious decision to step over the line. It can be done to disorientate the audience on purpose in a more abstract way (this would not necessarily work in a more naturalistic, linear sequence). Some directors cross the line by filming a shot where the camera moves from one side of the line to the other. As long as this is included, breaking the rule can be effective because we as an audience have seen the camera switch sides, therefore we understand where we are in relation to the scene. This can show us something from another perspective and reveal more of what is taking place. Directors such as Yasujirō Ozu and occasionally Stanley Kubrick sometimes crossed the line and broke the rule, to different effects.

Tuesday 10 November 2009

Filming Prelim Task (take two)

This time, we all came to the lesson with ideas as to where we could film. Our location was decided quickly which meant that we could focus on filming. Our new setting meant that we had to adapt a couple of our pre-planned shot types (for example, in the corridor there was not enough room for a side-on long shot so we cut this out and filmed a couple of alternative shots to try out in the editing process)
We also found that it was more time effective for us to film some of the shots out of sequence because of where we had the cameras set up. This meant that we had to keep a record of what we had previously filmed to prevent missing any shots out.
Once we got started, we got a few new ideas of how to improve our shot types so we experimented as we worked, making sure we got several takes of each section and sometimes from different camera angles so that we could use the best sequences in editing.
We did make a few minor errors such as moving props and forgetting where they went back. Silly mistakes like this could ruin our film sequence so it is good to make these mistakes sooner rather than later. Also, whilst editing, we noticed that at one point you could see my reflection in the window in the background, filming Jake. This is something we had not thought of whilst filming!
Even though Jake and Samson acted in our piece, we all took turns to set up the camera equipment and we made group decisions about any changes made or if one of us noticed that a shot was not working, we would come to a collective solution to the problem.

Filming Prelim Task (take one)

Our first job was to take our cameras and list of shots to find a location to film. We experienced problems to begin with (it was a busy time of day so there were lots of people around who were in the way or making noise, one room would have been ideal but there wasn't very much space for our equipment, corridor areas were much darker than we expected). Eventually, we found a room but after filming a few shots, the room was needed by another class, therefore we had to leave and return to our classroom for the end of lesson.
We were really disappointed that we were unable to complete the task first time round. I now know that when it comes to film our thriller sequences, we must take into consideration a great variety of factors, including things that are out of our control like our working environment. This means we will need to have back up plans in place, just in case we get into a similar situation with our final project (whereby we will not have time to re-schedule and re-film).

Initial Ideas for Prelim

The plot of our prelim was not overly important so we decided to get this over and done with straight away to allow us to plan the rest of our work. We brainstormed several ideas and finally chose a patient entering the doctor's office.
To add some comedy to our piece we made our patient an overweight male, who finds out he is pregnant. We wanted to show how our character was quite large so we wanted to experiment with the cameras to show this (zooming or a handheld, wobbly effect).
To make the conversation abit more interesting to watch and to show the intensity of the situation, we wanted to use a range of shot types (POV, over-the-shoulder, CUs, two shots...).
We also wanted to find a room that we could adapt to seem like a doctor's room. However, the most important thing about our location was that we kept in mind the 180 degree rule whilst positioning our cameras to film.

Below is our initial list of shot types that we used to begin filming our piece-

*Low angle shot from the floor (Jake steps over the camera, wobble affect)
*Long shot from side-on (show him walking towards the door)
*Ped, to slowly reveal Jake (ending in a close up of him eating)
*Point-of-view shot (him knocking on the door)
*Medium shot (Samson turning, 'come in')
*Close up (of Jake opening the door, hand on handle)
*Over-the-shoulder shot (from Samson, looking at door opening and Jake entering)
*Two shot of the desk (Samson is in shot, Jake walks into frame and sits down)
*Switch between over-the-shoulder shots of both characters (dialogue)
*Close up (Jake's reaction the the news)
*Extreme Close up (Jake's darting eyes)

Introduction to Prelim Task

The brief for our Preliminary Task was that our footage must include:

- match on match action
- shot-reverse-shot
- the 180 degree rule.

Our individual storyline could be anything but we had to include someone opening a door, crossing the room, sitting down opposite the other character and a few lines of dialogue.

Continuity in any film sequence is extremely important because if your shots are not linked smoothly and your lighting/props/scenery etc are not continuous, it can make your work look very amateur and nobody would want to watch it. During this task we will need to ensure we consider the continuous nature of the scene, in practice and preparation for filming and editing our thriller openings.